Am Pharma

Abiraterone acetate (500 mg tablets) is a medication primarily used in the treatment of prostate cancer. It is an oral drug that works by inhibiting the production of androgens (male hormones like testosterone), which can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. The main uses of Abiraterone acetate include:

• Abiraterone acetate is primarily used for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This type of prostate cancer continues to progress even when testosterone levels are reduced to very low levels through treatments such as surgery (orchiectomy) or medications (androgen deprivation therapy).
• By inhibiting CYP17A1, an enzyme involved in androgen production, Abiraterone reduces the production of testosterone and other androgens, slowing the growth of prostate cancer cells.

• Abiraterone acetate is also used in high-risk castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC), often in combination with other treatments like prednisone and androgen deprivation therapy. This form of prostate cancer is responsive to hormone therapy, but may still require additional treatment to reduce the risk of progression.

Abiraterone acetate blocks the enzyme CYP17A1, which is involved in producing testosterone and other androgens in the adrenal glands, testes, and prostate cancer cells. By reducing androgen levels, it helps slow the growth of prostate cancer that relies on these hormones for growth and survival.

• Abiraterone acetate is typically taken once daily, along with prednisone (a steroid) to manage potential side effects related to the drug's action on cortisol levels.
• The tablets are generally taken on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal) to maximize absorption.

• Side Effects: Common side effects of Abiraterone acetate include high blood pressure, fluid retention, liver enzyme changes, fatigue, and joint pain. Long-term use can also affect adrenal function.
• Adrenal Insufficiency: Since Abiraterone affects adrenal gland function, patients may experience symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, such as weakness, nausea, or low blood pressure. This is why prednisone is used alongside it to help manage these risks.
• Monitoring: Regular blood tests are required to monitor liver function, blood pressure, and potassium levels during treatment.

Abiraterone acetate should be prescribed and monitored by a healthcare provider, particularly an oncologist, to ensure proper dosing and management of side effects.

200 mg Nilotinib Capsule is a medication primarily used to treat Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It belongs to a class of drugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and is marketed under various brand names, including Tasigna.

1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML):

   • Nilotinib is used in the treatment of CML, particularly in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML, which means the leukemia cells have a specific genetic abnormality.
   • It is especially used in patients who are resistant or intolerant to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib. Nilotinib works by inhibiting the activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, a mutant protein that drives the growth of leukemia cells.

2. Accelerated Phase and Blast Crisis of CML:

   • Nilotinib is also indicated for the treatment of patients with accelerated phase or blast crisis of CML, which are advanced stages of the disease where the leukemia is more aggressive.

3. Adjuvant to Other Therapies:

   • Nilotinib may be used in combination with other therapies or following chemotherapy or stem cell transplant to help control and manage CML in patients.

• Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that works by specifically targeting and inhibiting the activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is responsible for the uncontrolled growth of CML cells.
• By blocking this enzyme, Nilotinib disrupts the signaling pathways that drive the cancer cell growth, leading to cell death and a reduction in the number of leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow.

• Nilotinib is taken as an oral capsule, typically once or twice daily, depending on the patient’s condition and the treating physician’s recommendation.
• It should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours before or 1 hour after food, to ensure proper absorption.
• The usual dose for CML in chronic phase is typically 300 mg twice daily or as determined by the healthcare provider. For patients with more advanced stages (accelerated phase or blast crisis), the dose may be higher.

Common side effects of Nilotinib may include:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Rash
• Diarrhea
• Muscle cramps or joint pain
• Elevated liver enzymes
• QT prolongation (a potential heart rhythm problem)

Gefitinib is used to treat lung cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Gefitinib blocks a certain protein (an enzyme called tyrosine kinase).

• Non-Small Cell Lung CancerIressa 250 mg Tablet is used in the treatment of cancer that affects the lungs

• Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start taking gefitinib and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
• Take gefitinib by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily.

400 mg Imat (Imatinib) Tablets are primarily used to treat various types of cancer, particularly chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), a type of medication that works by blocking specific enzymes involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells.

1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML):

   • Imatinib is used to treat CML, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is most effective in treating Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CML, where the leukemia cells contain a genetic mutation that drives abnormal cell growth.
   • Imatinib works by blocking the action of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, a mutated enzyme that signals cancer cells to grow uncontrollably.

2. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs):

   • Imatinib is used to treat GISTs, a type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach or intestines). It is particularly effective for KIT-positive GISTs, where the tumor cells have mutations in the KIT gene, which codes for a receptor protein that promotes cell growth.
   • By inhibiting the KIT protein, Imatinib can help control the growth of GISTs and shrink existing tumors.

3. Other Cancers:

   • Imatinib may be used for other cancers, such as systemic mastocytosis, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases, where there is abnormal activation of specific tyrosine kinases.

4. Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP):

   • Imatinib is also used in the treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, a rare type of soft tissue cancer. It is effective for DFSP that has the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene, which results in uncontrolled tumor growth.

• Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It works by inhibiting the activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein in CML, and the KIT and PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) proteins in GISTs and other cancers. These proteins are involved in signaling pathways that promote cancer cell growth.
• By blocking these signaling pathways, Imatinib prevents the growth and spread of cancer cells, and it may also help shrink tumors in some patients.

• Imatinib is typically taken orally, in the form of a tablet once a day with food and a full glass of water, to minimize the risk of stomach upset.

Endace 160mg Tablet contains megestrol acetate, a type of hormone therapy. It is primarily used in the following conditions:

• Endace is often prescribed to stimulate appetite in patients with significant weight loss due to cancer or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• It helps to promote weight gain and improve the overall quality of life.

• Used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer and endometrial cancer.
• It works by interfering with the effects of hormones that promote tumor growth.

• Prescribed for conditions involving severe muscle and weight loss, especially in chronic illnesses like cancer and AIDS.

Megestrol acetate is a progestin that modifies hormone levels, particularly reducing estrogen's influence in hormone-sensitive cancers. It also has appetite-stimulating properties that help in weight management.

• It is a prescription medication and should only be used under medical supervision.
• The dosage and duration depend on the specific condition being treated.
• Common side effects include weight gain, changes in mood, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Axitinib 5 mg Tablets are used primarily in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is a type of kidney cancer. Axitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that works by blocking the activity of certain enzymes (kinases) that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells.

1. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

   • Axitinib is most commonly used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly when the disease has progressed despite prior treatment with other therapies, such as sunitinib or pazopanib.
   • RCC is a type of kidney cancer that can spread to other parts of the body. Axitinib works by inhibiting the activity of certain receptors involved in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) that tumors need to grow and spread. By blocking these signals, axitinib helps slow down tumor growth and prevents the cancer from spreading further.

2. Adjuvant Therapy for RCC (in some cases)

   • Axitinib may be used in certain cases as part of adjuvant therapy (after primary treatment) to reduce the risk of recurrence in patients who have had surgical resection of their kidney cancer and are at risk for metastasis.

3. Combination Therapy

   • Axitinib is sometimes used in combination with other cancer therapies, such as pembrolizumab (an immune checkpoint inhibitor), to improve outcomes in patients with advanced RCC.

Axitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets and blocks several vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and other kinases involved in angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels). By inhibiting these receptors, axitinib reduces the blood supply to tumors, thereby slowing tumor growth and preventing the cancer cells from growing and dividing.

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Diarrhea
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Hand-foot syndrome (pain, redness, and swelling of the hands and feet)
• Mouth sores
• Proteinuria (protein in the urine)
• Increased liver enzymes (which may indicate liver damage)

Dasatinib 100 mg Tablets is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used primarily to treat certain types of cancer, specifically chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). Dasatinib works by targeting and inhibiting the activity of specific enzymes (tyrosine kinases) that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells.

1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

   • Dasatinib is commonly used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), particularly in patients with the Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) variant, which involves a specific genetic abnormality that leads to the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells.
   • Dasatinib works by blocking the activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is produced by the Philadelphia chromosome and is responsible for the abnormal growth of CML cells.
   • It is used in chronic phase, accelerated phase, and blast phase CML in both newly diagnosed and previously treated patients.

2. Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL)

   • Dasatinib is also approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), a type of leukemia where the cancerous cells carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
   • It is often used as part of combination therapy in Ph+ ALL, where it helps target and inhibit the BCR-ABL fusion protein, controlling the growth of leukemia cells.

3. Other Off-Label Uses

   • Dasatinib is being studied in clinical trials and may have potential uses in other cancers that involve similar genetic abnormalities or tyrosine kinase activation, although its primary indications are CML and Ph+ ALL.

Dasatinib works by inhibiting BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, which is an abnormal enzyme produced by the Philadelphia chromosome in CML and Ph+ ALL. By blocking this enzyme, dasatinib prevents the growth and survival of cancer cells. Additionally, dasatinib targets other tyrosine kinases involved in tumor growth and progression, including those associated with other blood cancers and some solid tumors.

The drug specifically inhibits the SRC family kinases, which play a role in the growth of various cancer cells. This combination of actions helps reduce the proliferation of cancer cells, induce cell death (apoptosis), and inhibit tumor progression.

Bosutris 400 Tablet is an anti-cancer medicine. It is used in the treatment of certain blood cancer known as chronic myeloid leukemia. This medicine helps to slow down the growth and multiplication of cancer cells, thereby reducing the progress of the disease.

Bosutris 400 Tablet should be taken as your doctor's advice. Your doctor will decide how much you need to take and for how long. You may take it with or without food. Take it regularly and take it at a fixed time each day to help you remember. You should not stop taking the medicine suddenly and continue taking it for as long as the doctor has prescribed.

Dasatinib (brand name Sprycel) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat certain types of leukemia and other cancers. The 50 mg dose of Dasatinib tablets is typically used for the following conditions:

1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML):

   • Dasatinib is primarily used in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Ph+ CML). CML is a type of cancer that starts in the bone marrow and affects white blood cells. Dasatinib is particularly effective in patients who are resistant to or intolerant of other first-line therapies like imatinib.

2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL):

   • Dasatinib is also used for Philadelphia chromosome-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL), a rare and aggressive form of leukemia. This is a condition where a specific genetic abnormality (the Philadelphia chromosome) causes uncontrolled growth of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow.

3. Other Blood and Bone Marrow Cancers:

   • Dasatinib can also be used in other hematological cancers such as blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), though this is less common.

Dasatinib works by inhibiting the activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein (formed due to the Philadelphia chromosome) and other abnormal kinases that drive the growth of cancer cells. By blocking these signaling pathways, Dasatinib helps prevent the proliferation of leukemia cells.

Dosage depends on the specific condition being treated, and the usual starting dose for CML and Ph+ ALL is 50 mg daily, although it may vary based on individual patient factors and response to treatment.

Common side effects include fluid retention, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and low blood cell counts (which may increase the risk of infections, bleeding, or anemia). Serious side effects can include lung problems (e.g., pleural effusion), heart issues, and severe bleeding.

Erlotinib (brand name Tarceva) is an oral chemotherapy medication that is primarily used to treat specific types of cancer. The 150 mg Erlotinib tablets are typically used for the following conditions:

1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):

   • Erlotinib is commonly used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in patients whose cancer has specific genetic mutations such as EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations. Erlotinib works by inhibiting the EGFR tyrosine kinase, which plays a role in cancer cell growth and spread. It is typically used as a first-line treatment or for patients whose disease has progressed on chemotherapy.

2. Pancreatic Cancer:

   • Erlotinib is used in combination with chemotherapy (usually with gemcitabine) to treat advanced pancreatic cancer. It is given to patients whose pancreatic cancer is inoperable or metastatic, helping to slow down the growth of cancer cells.

3. Other Cancers:

   • Although not as common, erlotinib may be used in clinical trials or in treatment regimens for other cancers, such as head and neck cancers or ovarian cancer, depending on the individual case and patient response to other treatments.

Mechanism of Action: Erlotinib works by inhibiting the activity of the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), a protein found on the surface of certain cancer cells. EGFR activation leads to the growth and spread of these cells, and by blocking this receptor, erlotinib helps prevent cancer cell proliferation.

Dosage: The usual starting dose of erlotinib for NSCLC is 150 mg once daily, but this may vary depending on the specific condition, individual response, and the presence of side effects. It is taken as a tablet by mouth, typically on an empty stomach or at least one hour before or two hours after a meal to ensure optimal absorption.

Common Side Effects include:

• Diarrhea
• Rash (especially acne-like rashes on the face, chest, and back)
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea

Serious side effects can include:

• Lung problems (e.g., shortness of breath, cough)
• Liver problems
• Gastrointestinal perforations
• Eye irritation or dryness

Tamoxifen Citrate (brand names include Nolvadex, Tamofen, and others) is a medication that is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that works by interfering with the effects of estrogen, a hormone that can promote the growth of certain types of breast cancer. The 10 mg Tamoxifen Citrate tablet is typically used for the following conditions:

• Tamoxifen is commonly used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (estrogen receptor-positive or ER+ breast cancer), which is the most common type of breast cancer. It can be used in both early-stage and advanced-stage breast cancer.
• For early-stage breast cancer, tamoxifen is typically given after surgery (and sometimes radiation therapy) to reduce the risk of recurrence.
• For advanced-stage (metastatic) breast cancer, tamoxifen can be used to slow the progression of the disease.

• Tamoxifen is also used for the prevention of breast cancer in women who are at high risk of developing the disease due to family history, genetic factors, or other risk factors.
• It is prescribed to women with a history of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or other non-invasive forms of breast cancer to help prevent the development of invasive breast cancer.

• Tamoxifen is often used as adjuvant therapy following surgery for breast cancer. It helps reduce the chance of cancer recurrence by blocking the estrogen receptor, preventing estrogen from stimulating cancer cell growth.
• It is typically taken for 5-10 years after surgery, depending on the patient’s individual risk factors.

• While less common, tamoxifen is also used in male breast cancer, especially for hormone receptor-positive cases. It works similarly to its use in women by blocking the estrogen receptor and reducing the growth of cancer cells.

Chlorambucil is a chemotherapy medication used primarily to treat certain types of cancer, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The 2 mg Chlorambucil tablet is typically prescribed for:

1. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): It helps reduce the number of cancerous white blood cells in the body.
2. Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Chlorambucil can be part of combination chemotherapy treatments for this type of cancer.
3. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: It may be used in certain cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
4. Autoimmune Diseases: In some cases, chlorambucil may be prescribed for autoimmune conditions, such as lupus, to suppress immune system activity.

It works by interfering with the DNA inside the cancerous cells, preventing them from multiplying.

Important: Chlorambucil should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider due to its potential side effects and toxicity.